Wondering what the difference is between Asperger’s and autism spectrum disorder? The truth is—they’re now the same diagnosis. In this guide from Affinity ABC, learn why Asperger’s was folded into the broader ASD category, how the change affects support and services, and what families need to know about modern autism diagnosis today.
One in every 31 children in the United States receives an autism diagnosis today, yet many families still wonder: What is the difference between aspergers and autism spectrum disorder? This question reflects one of the most significant changes in how we understand autism-related conditions in recent decades.
The simple answer is that there’s no longer a difference. Since 2013, Asperger’s syndrome is no longer a separate diagnosis. Both conditions now fall under autism spectrum disorder (ASD). But understanding why this change happened and what it means for autistic children, adults, and families requires looking at the bigger picture of how autism diagnosis has evolved.
For nearly 20 years, doctors treated Asperger’s syndrome and autism as different mental disorders. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) listed them as separate diagnoses under “pervasive developmental disorders,” creating distinct pathways for diagnosis and treatment.
The story begins with Austrian physician Hans Asperger, who in 1944 described a group of children with unique characteristics. These young people showed significant social difficulties but maintained typical language development and average intelligence. Asperger observed that these children often had intense interests in specific topics and struggled with nonverbal communication, including eye contact and understanding facial expressions.
Asperger’s work remained relatively unknown to the English-speaking world for decades. It wasn’t until British psychiatrist Lorna Wing translated and interpreted his research in 1981 that the medical community began to understand these observations as describing a distinct condition.
When Asperger’s syndrome became an official diagnosis in the DSM-IV, it was characterized by specific criteria that distinguished it from autism:
Language and Cognitive Development:
Social and Behavioral Characteristics:
Daily Life Impact:
Meanwhile, those who received an autism diagnosis typically showed:
This created what many professionals and families called “high functioning” versus other forms of autism, though these terms are now considered outdated and potentially harmful.
In 2013, everything changed when the American Psychiatric Association released the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This update eliminated Asperger’s as a standalone diagnosis and created the unified autism spectrum disorder category.
Researchers found that Asperger’s and autism shared core traits such as social communication challenges, repetitive behaviors, and sensory sensitivities, suggesting they were more alike than different. The main distinction lay in the severity of symptoms, not the type.
These overlapping features led to inconsistent diagnoses and confusion about support options. Combining them under the broader autism spectrum allowed for more consistent care and better research into effective interventions.
The DSM-5 created autism spectrum disorder with three support levels based on the amount of assistance needed:
Level 1: “Requiring Support”
Level 2: “Requiring Substantial Support”
Level 3: “Requiring Very Substantial Support”
This approach focuses on individual support needs rather than categorical labels, recognizing that someone’s needs can vary across different areas and change over time.
If you or someone you know previously received an Asperger’s diagnosis before 2013, that diagnosis is still valid. Many people continue to identify with the term as part of their personal identity, which is completely understandable.
There’s no need for re-evaluation unless desired. Services and insurance coverage typically continue under the updated autism spectrum diagnosis. Today, someone who would have previously received an Asperger’s diagnosis would likely be diagnosed with ASD Level 1.
Current autism diagnosis focuses on two main areas that must be present from early childhood:
This includes persistent difficulties across multiple contexts:
At least two of the following must be present:
Getting an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis today involves a comprehensive evaluation by qualified professionals.
Several types of medical professionals can diagnose autism:
A thorough autism evaluation typically includes:
The entire process can take several hours across multiple appointments and may involve a team of professionals working together.
The good news is that support options have expanded significantly since the diagnostic changes. The focus isn’t on “curing” autism but helping autistic people thrive and reach their potential.
Schools support autistic students through Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), which set personalized goals and legally required accommodations, and 504 Plans, which offer classroom support without specialized instruction.
Helpful classroom strategies include visual schedules, sensory accommodations, clear routines, and modified assignments tailored to each student’s needs.
Many autistic individuals lead independent, fulfilling lives with the right support, self-awareness, and understanding. Learning about their own autism profile empowers them to recognize strengths, communicate needs, and seek helpful accommodations.
Supportive environments, clear routines, and respect for different communication styles make a big difference. Meaningful relationships, whether through family, friends, interest groups, or support communities, also play a key role in fostering confidence and connection.
Understanding the shift from Asperger’s disorder to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) helps families, educators, and individuals better navigate the diagnosis and support process. While the label may have changed, the goal remains the same: ensuring each person receives the understanding, resources, and care they need to thrive. Today’s spectrum-based approach reflects a broader, more accurate view of autism, allowing for more personalized interventions based on individual strengths and support needs.
At Affinity ABC, we’re here to guide you every step of the way. Whether your child was previously diagnosed with Asperger’s disorder or you’re seeking a current evaluation, our compassionate team offers expert, individualized ABA therapy across New Mexico. Reach out today to learn how we can support your family’s journey with personalized care, evidence-based strategies, and a deep commitment to helping every child succeed.
Asperger’s syndrome is now called Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), typically diagnosed as ASD Level 1, “requiring support.” The diagnosis changed in 2013 when the DSM-5 eliminated Asperger’s as a distinct diagnosis and combined all autism conditions under one umbrella.
Children show difficulty with social interactions, intense interests in specific topics, and a preference for routines, but with normal language development and average intelligence. They may struggle with eye contact and understanding social cues.
Be direct and clear in communication, respect their need for routine, and understand that social interactions may feel overwhelming. Show patience with their intense interests and recognize they process information differently.
Yes, many people with ASD Level 1 live independently, have successful careers, and form relationships. With appropriate support and understanding, they can achieve their goals and lead fulfilling lives.
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